This lovely and complete surgical set is a post-mortem set, used for examination of human cadavers for pathology studies.

It may look similar to the inexperienced eye as a regular old surgical set but the presence of certain instruments and the type of saw are consistent with a post-mortem surgical set.

For comparison, I have included an image of a post-mortem set from a different manufacturer, in this black and white image DOWN. BROTHERS, of the same time period so you can see the instruments are the same (although they are arranged in the box differently).